"Adl va Ensaf" Comparative Law Researches Quarterly

Abstract "Democracy" comes to you as one of the most common ways of running the government in the present age. Therefore, this model is popular in many countries of the world. In democratic governments, it is the people who rule the legislature and the government. "Democracy" is more commonly known as freedom, participation and political competition; But its basis is the principle of equality; the research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the result of the research indicates that: strategies for the political participation of the people in the realization of the government (such as: allegiance and velayat-e-faqih or jurist's representation) and in the realization Democratic governments and in the decisions and actions of the government (giving people a sense of personality and dignity, gathering people and preventing division, providing a basis for everyone's acceptance, a solution to prevent the arbitrariness of rulers, maintaining the credibility of officials through communication with the people and the progress of affairs in society) And in the implementation of the Shura in the fundamental rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Islamic Shura meetings and city and village councils and referendums), as well as advising the people on democratic governments and the methods of popular supervision of Islamic and liberal democratic governments (the right to be known and the prohibition of evil and the advice of the Muslim Ummah). Is presented.

Abstract In today's world, the existence of principles and rules that can regulate complex and evolving international relations in accordance with the needs of governments is an undeniable necessity. But not everything that paves the way for these interactions is derived from that legal order, but international relations are still, above all, based on the principle of the rule of will of states and the relations of authority between them, which A degree of power is responsible for all events and decisions of governments. In such circumstances, the above-mentioned principles and rules, and consequently the sovereignty of one state, can be violated under certain conditions, or it can violate the sovereignty of other states by using the tools of power, such as using force or coercion. For this reason, Identify the desired performance guarantee in this regard. The results show that despite the extent of liability for violating many principles and rules of international law by coercion, it extends beyond the independence of the will of a particular state to the principle of equality of sovereignty and peace and security between The nation emphasizes. However, so far no desirable executive guarantee has been formed that can combine these responsibilities and the need to comply with these principles and rules, and the return of states that violate these principles to proper international relations is still in the shadow of the principle of sovereignty of states and Peaceful resolution of disputes is possible through methods such as self-help.

Abstract The criterion of the democratic system in the international community , as set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , is , on the other hand , a manifestation of the civilization of the nation-state and , on the other hand , a supreme necessity based on the freedom of civil society of the countries , but the expression of freedom in various forms , That freedom of the press generally requires the creation of a desirable atmosphere of rule of law . But the position of the press is in keeping with the constraints on the international human rights system .
Freedom of the press in the Iranian legal system was first recognized in the Constitutional Constitution , and then , like the British legal system , the law was restricted by the law . The present article seeks to investigate the dimensions of the right to freedom of the press and its constraints in the light of human rights doctrines . The purpose of this research is to expand the literature on the rights of the press in the field of international human rights and to pay attention to the limitations , damage and challenges facing its implementation .

Abstract Globalization is an inevitable process, which is internationalization and the elimination of geographical boundaries. The thinkers and thinkers of different countries each speak in a way about the world and there is little consensus about it. Today, globalization is the most obvious trend in the convergence of countries, the most important of which is the economic dimension. On the other hand, citizen's rights are now at the national and international level as important legal issues. Meanwhile, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran focuses on the rights of citizens and does not include differences in ethnicity, race and language in this right. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the globalization and its effects on citizenship rights, while defining the concept of globalization comprehensively, the challenges of globalization, as well as its positive and negative consequences in relation to citizenship rights. Take up The effects of globalization on citizenship rights and ways to promote citizenship rights in the age of globalization have been described and explained. The research hypothesis is that "the evidence suggests the positive impact of globalization on the citizenship rights.

Abstract Administrative offenses can be divided into three categories: first, offenses that can only be committed in the administrative environment or administrative hours, such as leaving the service during office hours, and ... 2. Offenses committed both during office hours and Outside of the office environment, such violations may be punishable in the courts for investigating administrative offenses committed by employees. The use of drugs or drug addiction... Third, administrative offenses with criminal offenses, some acts or abandonment of acts that are considered by the legislator to be an offense are also criminal offenses such as embezzlement, bribery, etc. These types of administrative offenses are called criminal offenses. In the legal system of Iran, examples of special violations of education staff are: 1. Provide answers to test questions to students before conducting examinations; 2. Declare student admittance without eligibility; 3. Forgive a degree; 4. Submit a fake document to the relevant department to use the relevant benefits; 5. Register The name of the student is a low-aged; 6-company is one of the staff in the test ... instead of another employee; and... In the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the handling of administrative offenses of the staff of the Nursing and Nursing staff is addressed through initial and review boards, as well as the Administrative Justice Court. The present study, in light of its adaptive mission, examines the violations of the Iranian education staff in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Azerbaijan.