"Adl va Ensaf" Comparative Law Researches Quarterly

Abstract Childhood marriage is a sinister and unfortunate phenomenon that on the one hand deprives the child of the taste of the sweet taste of childhood and on the other hand creates the ground for numerous social and personal harms. In addition to adverse individual and social effects, the spouse child can cause various family crimes; Honor killings, sexual abuse, etc., on the basis of which it is necessary for the legislator to take action to resolve this crisis. In our country's law as well as in international procedures, several measures have been taken to eradicate this ominous phenomenon; Moreover, the measures taken so far have not been able to bring the desired result and according to the statistics of the Statistics Center of Iran, the number of child marriages per year is recorded in Iran. Attempts have been made to describe the depth of the crisis and ultimately to provide a solution for the adoption of the desired policy in this regard

Abstract The Civil Code of Afghanistan explicitly accepts payment by third party in articles 806 and 898 and subsequent articles. According to this, third parties can act to fulfill the debtor's debt, but in which cases such an action has the effect of the debtor's obligation towards the creditor falling, and for the main parties of obligations has which main or side obligations, and which time it has the legal effect to refer for the payer third party it is necessary to research. Because the prevention of loss from the main parties of the obligation as an obstacle to the third party's performance and avoiding the loss from the third party by creating the right to appeal to him /her is an important factor in accepting the third party's payment and determining its legal effects. In this research, by using the descriptive-analytical type of qualitative research method and by using the document review method (library resources) to collect data, we conclude that in Afghanistan's legal system, different effects are foreseen for the third-party payment institution with regard to the prevention of losses from the interested parties compared to the main parties of the obligation and the payer third-party.

Abstract Cyberterrorism is aimed at preventing access to information, data and causing confusion and disrupting national and international security for the involved parties by creating terror in the current world with ultra-advanced technology and affects vital, sensitive and important centers. It is necessary to pay attention quickly and at the same time intelligently, purposefully and reasonably to the issue in order to high protect these centers from existing and possible threats in order to maintain national security and privacy of citizens in the field of cyber warfare. Cyber ​​terrorism and its relationship with international law in the form of international conflict law and humanitarian law is the main focus of this research and analysis essay. The inductive approach used in the analysis of the issue shows that the nature of cyber terrorism is defined in international law under humanitarian law and provides measures to deal with it by governments or states.